rising, flowing' in "Proteus." Bloom's cat, with whom he gets along well, reminds one that Stephen has just had a fearful encounter with a dog, and Bloom's cat has a "lithe black form," suggesting the panther that caused Haines's nightmare. For example, the first paragraph of this chapter carries through the urinary motif established at the end of "Proteus" we learn that Bloom's favorite kidneys, mutton ones, contain a "fine tang of faintly scented urine" Stephen urinated in "long lassoes from the Cock. Some of the similarities between Bloom and Stephen are not easily detectable at first, but we need to look for them in order to fully understand both men. Although Joyce did not accept this view, he was aware that Gibraltar, Molly's birthplace, was one of the locations that Homer probably used to form his composite of Ogygia.īloom is one of the most completely developed characters in literature, and in "Calypso," Joyce begins his characterization of his protagonist by sketching many parallels between Stephen (whom we have just met) and Bloom, beginning with the fact that both men leave on their individual odysseys at 8:45 a.m. In addition, it was believed by some Irish Renaissance popularizers, such as George Sigerson, that Calypso's island, Ogygia, was really Ireland. Other evocations of Homer in this chapter include the picture the Bath of the Nymph, which Molly has said would look nice hanging over the bed, and Molly's answer to Bloom's definition of metempsychosis as being "the transmigration of souls": "O rocks!" Her retort suggests a mermaid whose shoals mariners (both Greek and Irish) might do well to avoid. Bloom, however, seems to be a more willing captive than his Greek prototype, and even in his first appearance in the novel, Bloom's bondage is tinged with hints of masochism. This chapter also parallels the Odyssey in that just as Odysseus (Ulysses) was held as a love captive for seven years by the beautiful nymph Calypso, so also is Bloom, in a sense, a prisoner of his wife, Molly. The motif of food in the episode suggests a strong parallel between Bloom of "Calypso" and Stephen of "Telemachus," the two episodes taking place at the same time. He returns home, where he brings in the morning mail (containing a letter from Boylan) to Molly, who is still in bed he eats his breakfast, then brings Molly's breakfast to her (she is still in bed) Bloom hears church bells and thinks of the funeral for Paddy Dignam, which he must attend. Bloom feeds the cat some milk, walks to Dlugacz's butcher shop to buy a kidney for his breakfast, and feels depressed as a cloud covers the sun. with Leopold Bloom making breakfast in the kitchen of the Blooms' home at 7 Eccles Street. The fourth chapter of Ulysses begins at 8:00 a.m.
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